Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) is derived from the ACTH(4-7) core sequence with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension for metabolic stability, developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow. It was approved in Russia in 1994 for use in stroke recovery, cognitive decline, and peptic ulcer treatment.
Semax does not possess the corticotropic effects of full ACTH, it does not stimulate cortisol release. Its biological activity appears to be predominantly mediated through BDNF and NGF (nerve growth factor) upregulation, and modulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.